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LED Resistor Calculator

Calculate the correct LED series resistor value using supply voltage, LED forward voltage, forward current, resistor power rating, and multiple LED configurations for safe LED circuit design.

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V
V
V
mA
PCS
RESULTS
Resistor
Ω
Wattage
W
Power
W

Input Parameters Specification

VINSupply voltage applied to the LED and resistor series circuit.
LED VoltageForward voltage of one LED. Select a color preset or enter custom voltage.
LED CurrentDesired LED current in milliamps. Use LED datasheet current rating.
Number of LEDsTotal LEDs connected in series in one string.

Practical Operational Examples

5V Red LED

VIN = 5V, red LED = 2V, current = 20mA, quantity = 1. Resistor voltage is 3V, so resistor is 150Ω.

12V LED String

For three white LEDs at 3.6V each, total LED voltage is 10.8V. The resistor drops the remaining voltage.

Diagrams & Theory

This colorful SVG is an original redraw of a series LED resistor circuit. It shows supply voltage, current limiting resistor, LED voltage and LED current direction.

+ V s R I led V led

Formulas & Mathematical Logic

Total LED Voltage = LED Voltage × Number of LEDs
Resistor Voltage = VIN − Total LED Voltage
Resistor = Resistor Voltage / Current
Power = Resistor Voltage × Current

Step-by-Step Example

Example: VIN = 5V, red LED voltage = 2V, LED current = 20mA, LED count = 1.
Total LED Voltage = 2 × 1 = 2V.
Resistor Voltage = 5 − 2 = 3V.
Current = 20mA / 1000 = 0.02A.
Resistor = 3 / 0.02 = 150Ω. Power = 3 × 0.02 = 0.06W.

How to Use This Calculator

Enter the supply voltage VIN.
Select LED forward voltage by color or choose Custom.
Enter LED current in mA.
Enter number of LEDs in series.
Click Calculate to get resistor value, power and recommended wattage.

About This Calculator

Pick the right resistor for safe LED current.

This LED Resistor Calculator helps calculate series resistor value, resistor power and recommended wattage for LED circuits.

LEDs are current-driven components. If an LED is connected directly to a voltage source without proper current limiting, it can draw too much current and fail quickly. A series resistor drops the extra voltage and limits current to a safe value. This calculator uses supply voltage, LED forward voltage, LED current and number of series LEDs to estimate the required resistor.

Resistor ValueCalculated using the voltage left after LED forward voltage drop.
PowerShows resistor power dissipation so the resistor does not overheat.
WattageSuggests a practical resistor wattage rating based on calculated power.
LED SafetyAlways stay within datasheet current and voltage limits.
Tip: Choose a resistor wattage rating higher than calculated power for safe operation, especially in enclosed circuits or warm environments.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why does an LED need a resistor?

An LED needs a resistor to limit current. Without current limiting, the LED may overheat and fail.

What is LED forward voltage?

Forward voltage is the voltage drop across the LED when it is conducting current.

What current should I use?

Use the LED datasheet current rating. Many small indicator LEDs are commonly used around 10mA to 20mA.

Can I connect multiple LEDs in series?

Yes, but total LED voltage must stay lower than VIN so the resistor can drop the remaining voltage.

Why does the calculator show VIN must be higher?

If total LED voltage is equal to or higher than VIN, there is no voltage left for the resistor to control current.

What wattage resistor should I choose?

Choose the suggested wattage or a higher standard value for better safety margin.

Can I use this for high-power LEDs?

For high-power LEDs, a constant-current driver is usually better than a simple resistor.

Does LED color affect resistor value?

Yes. Different LED colors have different forward voltages, which changes resistor voltage drop.

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About this tool

LED Resistor Calculator is a free online calculator tool. Use it to get instant, accurate results for your electronics calculations.